Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: Plasma Ã?²-amyloid (AÃ?²) is a potential candidate for an Alzheimerââ?¬â?¢s disease (AD) biomarker because blood is\nan easily accessible bio-fluid, which can be collected routinely, and AÃ?² is one of the major hallmarks of AD pathogenesis\nin the brain. However, the association between plasma AÃ?² levels and AD diagnosis is still unclear due to the instability\nand inaccurate measurements of plasma AÃ?² levels in the blood of patients with AD. If a consistent value of plasma AÃ?²\nfrom the blood can be obtained, this might help determine whether plasma AÃ?² is a potential biomarker for AD diagnosis.\nMethods: We predicted the brain amyloid deposit by measuring the plasma AÃ?² levels. This cross-sectional study included\n353 participants (215 cognitively normal, 79 with mild cognitive impairment, and 59 with AD dementia) who underwent\nPittsburgh-compound B positron emission tomography (PiB-PET) scans. We treated a mixture of protease inhibitors and\nphosphatase inhibitors (MPP) and detected plasma AÃ?²42 and AÃ?²40 (MPP-AÃ?²42 and MPP-AÃ?²40) in a stable\nmanner using xMAP technology.\nResults: MPP-AÃ?²40 and MPP-AÃ?²42/40 (MPP-AÃ?²s) were significantly different between subjects with positive amyloid\ndeposition (PiB+) and those with negative amyloid deposition (PiBââ?¬â??) (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, MPP-AÃ?²40 (P < 0.0001,\nr = 0.23) and MPP-AÃ?²42/40 ratio (P < 0.0001, r = ââ?¬â??0.23) showed significant correlation with global PiB deposition\n(standardized uptake value ratio). In addition, our integrated multivariable (MPP-AÃ?²42/40, gender, age, and\napolipoprotein E genotypes) logistic regression model proposes a new standard for the prediction of cerebral amyloid\ndeposition.\nConclusions: MPP-AÃ?² might be one of the potential blood biomarkers for the prediction of PiB-PET positivity in the brain....
Background: Increased level of blood viscosity, which is one of the major factors that determine blood rheology,\nhas been reported as a risk factor or predictor for cerebrovascular events. We investigated how blood viscosity is\nassociated with acute stroke and chronic radiological manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease, and how\nblood viscosity changes after stroke.\nMethods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke. Whole blood viscosities at a\nlow or high shear rate were measured using a scanning capillary tube viscometer, and were referred to as diastolic\nblood viscosity (DBV) and systolic blood viscosity (SBV), respectively. Correlations between blood viscosity and acute\nstroke etiology or chronic radiological manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease were investigated. The\ntemporal profiles of blood viscosity at the onset of stroke and follow-up at 1 and 5 weeks were investigated.\nResults: Of the 127 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke, 63 patients were included in the final analyses.\nDBV at the onset of stroke was significantly higher in small artery occlusion (SAO) stroke than in other stroke\nsubtypes (p = 0.037). DBV showed a significant positive correlation with the number of chronic lacunes (r = 0.274, p\n= 0.030). The temporal profiles of DBV in SAO stroke showed a transient decrease due to the hydration therapy\nafter 1 week and recurrent elevation at 5 week follow-up (p = 0.009).\nConclusions: Our study suggests that elevated DBV may play a role in the development of acute and chronic\nmanifestations of cerebral small vessel disease. The recurring elevation of DBV in SAO stroke indicates that sufficient\nhydration and additional therapeutic interventions targeting blood viscosity may be needed in patients with SAO\nstroke....
Background: Given the increasing number of lead poisoning in opioids users and since no study has been conducted\nso far to review lead poisoning in methamphetamine (crystal) users, this study aimed to investigate blood lead level in\nmethamphetamine addicts.\nMethods: This study was conducted on 20 patients with methamphetamine poisoning and their blood lead level was\nmeasured. The subjects were selected from among patients with a history of continuous use of methamphetamine,\nwithout a history of using opiates in the past 6 months confirmed by a negative urine tests, and without a history of\nheavy metal poisoning.\nResults: Of all, 18 patients were male and the mean age was 32 �± 10 years; 17 patients were abusing the drug\nvia inhalation and three persons via oral administration. The mean blood lead level was 2.3 �± 1.1 �¼g/dL and\npoisoning was not observed in any of the cases. Blood lead level was not associated with age, sex, dosage, and\nroute of administration.\nConclusion: Although blood lead level was not at poisoning level in people who only used methamphetamine in\nIran, due to the simultaneous use of other substances and because of non-specific symptoms, lead poisoning must be\nsuspected in all cases of substances poisoning....
Background: In regenerative therapy, self-clotted platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are\ngenerally prepared on-site and are immediately used for treatment. If blood samples or prepared clots can be\npreserved for several days, their clinical applicability will expand. Here, we prepared PRF from stored whole-blood\nsamples and examined their characteristics.\nMethods: Blood samples were collected from non-smoking, healthy male donors (aged 27ââ?¬â??67 years, N = 6), and\nPRF clots were prepared immediately or after storage for 1ââ?¬â??2 days. Fibrin fiber was examined by scanning electron\nmicroscopy. Bioactivity was evaluated by means of a bioassay system involving human periosteal cells, whereas\nPDGF-BB concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.\nResults: Addition of optimal amounts of a 10% CaCl2 solution restored the coagulative ability of whole-blood\nsamples that contained an anticoagulant (acid citrate dextrose) and were stored for up to 2 days at ambient\ntemperature. In PRF clots prepared from the stored whole-blood samples, the thickness and cross-links of fibrin\nfibers were almost identical to those of freshly prepared PRF clots. PDGF-BB concentrations in the PRF extract were\nsignificantly lower in stored whole-blood samples than in fresh samples; however, both extracts had similar\nstimulatory effects on periosteal-cell proliferation.\nConclusions: Quality of PRF clots prepared from stored whole-blood samples is not reduced significantly and can\nbe ensured for use in regenerative therapy. Therefore, the proposed method enables a more flexible treatment\nschedule and choice of a more suitable platelet concentrate immediately before treatment, not after blood\ncollection....
Human peripheral blood contains RNA in cells and in extracellular membrane vesicles, microvesicles and exosomes, as well as\nin cell-free ribonucleoproteins. Circulating mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, being internalized, possess the ability to modulate\nvital processes in recipient cells. In this study, with SOLiD sequencing technology, we performed identification, classification,\nand quantification of RNAs from blood fractions: cells, plasma, plasma vesicles pelleted at 16,000...
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